name | Amanita ameripanthera |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | Tulloss, J. Lindgr., Kudzma, S. D. Russell, Haelew. & Geml |
images | |
cap | The cap of Amanita ameripanthera is 54–91 mm wide, tan to brown to dark brown or pale grayish brown at first and fading or becoming brassier, parabolic to convex to planoconvex to planar, viscid and shiny when wet. The cap's flesh is mostly white and yellowish tan under the cap's skin. The cap flesh doesn't change color when cut or bruised. The margin is very faintly to shallowly striate, downcurved at first, and sometimes has a short sterile extension beyond the ends of the gills. The volva takes the form of felted warts and patches that are off-white to pale tan and darken with age; these remnants are flattened and very finely warted (use 10× lens) and are easily lost. |
gills | The gills of Amanita ameripanthera are free to narrowly attached, sometimes with faint decurrent lines on the top of the stem. They are close to crowded, off-white in mass, white to off-white or faintly grayish in side view, and unchanging when cut or bruised. The short gills are squarely cut off, sometimes with a narrow tooth along the underside of the cap. |
stem | The stem is 54 – 90 × 10+ – 20 mm, white, becoming slightly brown from handling and sometimes silky fibrillose. The stem's bulb is 24 – 31 × 21 – 33 mm and ovoid or turnip-shaped (pointed below). The stem's flesh is off-white, unchanging when cut or bruised, stuffed with firm white material. The membranous, white ring is skirt-like and connected near the mid-stem. The volva is off-white to white and present as a short ring of tissue around the stem's base—suggesting a collar or "rolled sock" of tissue—or as a short free limb (several mm high in dried specimens and standing out around the stem's base) on the top of the bulb. |
odor/taste | The odor has not been recorded. The taste is pleasant, according to persons poisoned by ingesting this taxon. POISONOUS. |
spores | The spores of this species measure (8.8–) 9.8–14.2 (–16.5) × (5.5–) 6.5–9.2 (–11.0) µm and are inamyloid and ellipsoid to elongate or (occasionally) broadly ellipsoid. Clamps are absent from the bases of basidia. |
discussion |
The present species is frequently found with conifers in western North America (for example, Fir, Pine, Spruce, and Douglas Fir); in some cases, other trees (such as Alder, Aspen, and Oak) may be present where this mushroom is collected. One instance is known of A. ameripanthera occurring in a pure stand of imported Eucalyptus. The northernmost recorded specimen came from British Columbia. The known limits of distribution to the south are California in the west and New Mexico in the east. The species could well be found outside the current known range. Suitable habitat occurs in montane regions west of the North American Great Plains. For many years the present species was confused with the European A. pantherina.—R. E. Tulloss & J. E. Lindgren |
brief editors | RET |
name | Amanita ameripanthera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
author | Tulloss, J. Lindgr., Kudzma, S. D. Russell, Haelew. & Geml | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
name status | nomen provisorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
etymology | elision of “America” with panthera, "panther"; hence, “American Panther Amanita” | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenBank nos. |
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intro |
The following text may make multiple use of each data field. The field may contain magenta text presenting data from a type study and/or revision of other original material cited in the protolog of the present taxon. Macroscopic descriptions in magenta are a combination of data from the protolog and additional observations made on the exiccata during revision of the cited original material. The same field may also contain black text, which is data from a revision of the present taxon (including non-type material and/or material not cited in the protolog). Paragraphs of black text will be labeled if further subdivision of this text is appropriate. Olive text indicates a specimen that has not been thoroughly examined (for example, for microscopic details) and marks other places in the text where data is missing or uncertain. The following material is based on materials, notes, and photographs of the persons listed in the "material examined" data field (below); molecular results are the work of Linas Kudzma (Annandale, NJ) and Stephen Russell et al. (Purdue Univ.); other original research is by R. E. Tulloss and Janet E. Lindgren. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus | 54–91 mm wide, nearly cream to pale tan to light gray-brown to tan to brown to dark brown (2.5YR3/4-6, 10YR7/4-6, 2.5YR3/4) or pale grayish brown (6D5) at first and fading to brassier than 6C4, parabolic to convex to planoconvex to planar, glabrous, viscid and shiny when wet; context white, sometimes watersoaked above lamellae, yellowish tan under pileipellis, unchanging when cut or bruised, 9–15 mm thick at stipe, thinning evenly to margin; margin very faintly striate to shallowly sulcate, downcurved at first, sometimes with short sterile extension beyond ends of lamellae; universal veil as felted warts (originally pyramidal) and patches, white to off-white at first then cream to pale tan, darkening with age, becoming flattened, very finely verruculose (lens), detersile. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamellae | free to narrowly adnate, sometimes with faint decurrent line on stipe apex, close to crowded, off-white in mass, white to off-white or faintly sordid in side view, unchanging when cut or bruised, 6–8 mm broad, with fimbriate edge; lamellulae truncate, sometimes with attenuate tooth, ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe | 54–90 × 10+–20 mm, white, becoming slightly brown from handling, narrowing upward, flaring at apex, longitudinally striatulate, sometimes silky fibrillose; bulb 24–31 × 21–33 mm, ovoid, occasionally subnapiform (pointed below or with slight narrow radical), not so markedly distinct from stipe in age; context off-white, unchanging when cut or bruised, stuffed with firm white material, with central cylinder 2–6 mm wide, with larva tunnels concolorous; partial veil membranous, white, skirt-like, submedian, occasionally shredding, collapsing on stipe; universal veil as short collar-like roll of tissue or as short free limb (several mm long in exsiccata and standing out around stipe base) at top of bulb, off-white to white. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
odor/taste | Odor not recorded. Taste pleasant, according to persons poisoned by ingesting this taxon. POISONOUS. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
macrochemical tests |
Spot test for tyrosinase (paracresol) - positive in pileipellis, surface of stipe, center of bulb context, much (not all) of stipe context after 13 min. in old specimen (Tulloss 1-3-87-BS2). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileipellis | 290–350 µm thick in young specimen, with upper layer extensively gelatinized and 70–175 µm thick, with lower layer ungelatinized and 175–220 µm thick, with strongest pigmentation in 65–70 µm immediately below gelatinized layer; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0–7.0 µm wide, branching, densely interwoven, dominantly subradially arranged; vascular hyphae 3.0–5.4 µm wide, with knobby outline, infrequent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
pileus context | filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0–13.5 µm wide, branching, dominating, interwoven, often in fascicles, occasionally with narrowly fusiform to narrowly clavate to cylindric slightly inflated intercalary cells (up to 21 µm wide), with walls up to 0.5 µm thick, sometimes with yellowish walls; acrophysalides terminal, singly or (occasionally) in short chains, ellipsoid to ovoid to broadly clavate to clavate to narrowly clavate to narrowly fusiform, up to 123 × 34 µm, with walls up to 0.8 µm thick; vascular hyphae not observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella trama | bilateral, with subhymenial base composed largely of curving slightly inflated elongate to allantoid to clavate to subglobose cells (up to 112 × 20 µm) and branching, filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae, with angle of divergence shallow (not exceeding 30°); wcs = 30–50 µm; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 1.2–5.5 µm wide, branching, with ventricose intercalary elements up to 18.0 µm wide within central stratum and in subhymenial base; terminal, inflated cells apparently absent; vascular hyphae not observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
subhymenium | wst-near = (10–) 20–45 µm and wst-far = 30–70 µm (moderately inflated) to wst-near = 50–70 µm and wst-far = 70–100 µm (well inflated); with plentiful inflated elements, but also with uninflated hyphal segments, with basidia arising from small inflated cells and from short chains of short uninflated hyphal segments or (infrequently) from allantoid cell originating near edge of central stratum. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidia | 32–62 × 9.5–12.8 µm, dominantly 4- and occasionally 2-sterigmate, with sterigmata up to 8.0 × 1.8 µm; clamps not observed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
universal veil | On pileus: gelatinizing at upper surface and there all elements collapsed, with uncollapsed portions pale brown in mass; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 3.5–6.5 µm wide, branching, sometimes in fascicles, common; inflated cells dominating, hyaline at first, becoming pale gray by time of pileus separation from partial veil, pale gray to pale brown by onset of sporulation, tending toward periclinal orientation, often smaller near pileipellis, terminal, singly or in chains of 2 or 3, with some such chains having anticlinal orientation, cylindric to fusiform to narrowly fusiform to narrowly clavate (up to 108 × 36 µm), globose to subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid (up to 80 × 53 µm), with walls thin or (more frequently) up to 1.0 µm thick; vascular hyphae 2.4–8.0 µm wide, knobby, branching, locally in complex tangles, plentiful to locally infrequent (absent from all sections in one basidiocarp of Tulloss 3-2-89-E). On stipe base: similar to that on pileus, but with larger and more plentiful fascicles of filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae, with hyphae and inflated cells in approximately equal quantities, with chains of inflated cells often aligned with fascicles of hyphae (sublongitudinally?), with inflated cells somewhat more brown than on pileus; vascular hyphae 3.5–5.6 µm wide, scarce. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
stipe context | longitudinally acrophysalidic; filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.0–10.5 µm wide, branching, plentiful, with walls from slightly thickened up to 0.7 µm thick; acrophysalides plentiful to dominating away from surface, often rounded at septum, sometimes nearly cylindric, up to 280 × 42 µm, with walls up to 1.0 µm thick; vascular hyphae 5.6–11.9 µm wide, uncommon. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
partial veil | filamentous, undifferentiated hyphae 2.1–9.8 µm wide, frequently branching, dominating, often in fascicles, dominantly subradially arranged, with walls thin to slightly thickened and occasionally yellowish; inflated cells narrowly clavate, plentiful, terminal, singly, up to 206 × 21 µm, with walls up to 0.5 µm thick; vascular hyphae 2.4–21 µm wide, with knobby outline, sinuous, scattered to moderately common. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lamella edge tissue | sterile. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
anatomical figures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
basidiospores | [140/7/3] (8.8–) 9.8–14.2 (–16.5) × (5.5–) 6.5–9.2 (–11.0) µm, (L = 10.3–12.1 (–13.2) µm; L’ = 11.5 µm; W = (6.9–) 7.2–8.1 µm; W’ = 7.5 µm; Q = (1.19–) 1.35–1.83 (–2.36); Q = 1.43–1.59 (–1.80); Q’ = 1.54), hyaline, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid to elongate, occasionally broadly ellipsoid, sometimes lachrimiform, occasionally somewhat flattened adaxially; apiculus sublateral, cylindric; contents monoguttulate; ?? in deposit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ecology | Subgregarious. California: At 25 to ?? m elev. Under ?? or under Pinus and Quercus agrifolia or under Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (not endemic). Idaho: At 1910 m elev. Under Abies, Picea, and Pinus ponderosa. New Mexico: At 2690 m elev. In mixed forest of Populus tremuloides, Picea, Abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Alnus, and Pinus ponderosa. Oregon: ??. Washington: Under introduced Cedrus deodara or ??. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
material examined |
U.S.A.:
ARIZONA—Cochise Co. - CMP site #46,
18.viii.1991 R. E. Tulloss 8-18-91-W [CMP0861]
(RET 701-3, nrITS-LSU seq'd.).
CALIFORNIA—Contra Costa Co. - Hercules,
prop. D. Bojantchev, [NOTE: See also Thiers 32154 (SFSU).] Additional possible reports of “A. ameripanthera” come from: CANADA: BRITISH COLUMBIA—Vancouver, 1.vii.1959 R. J. Bandoni 494 (UBC). U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA—Mendocino Co. - unkn. loc., 18.xi.1961 Thiers 882 (SFSU); Trinidad, 5.vii.1935 A. H. Smith 3831 (MICH). San Mateo Co. - Pacifica, 21.viii.1976 S. Pollock 1325 (DTJ),13223 (DTJ); unkn. loc., 5.ii.1965 Thiers 12170 (SFSU). Sierra Co. - unkn. loc.?, [Doubtful: Ontario, Pembroke, 26.ix.1968 E. J. Klatt and J. W. Groves 124783 (DAOM, ?doubtful determination?).] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
discussion |
t.b.d. The spores of Amanita ameripanthera are narrower and larger than those of the European entity to which it has been referred for decades in western North The existence of the morphological treatment on this page has had very little effect on the common application of "A. pantherina" to the present species. A comparison of sporographs for A. pantherina and the present species follows: At least some of the material called "Amanita sp-AZ07" on this site has proven to be white specimens of the present species. RET 387-10 was originally misidentified as A. magniverrucata and this error led to its being sampled for molecular study by Wolfe et al. (2012), who reported their sequencing results under that name originally. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
citations | —R. E. Tulloss & J. E. Lindgren | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
editors | RET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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name | Amanita ameripanthera |
name status | nomen provisorum |
author | Tulloss, J. Lindgr., Kudzma, S. D. Russell, Haelew. & Geml |
images | |
anatomical figures | |
photo |
RET - (1) Land's End, San Francisco, San Francisco Co.,
California, U.S.A.
(RET 174-10). Ronald L. Pastorino - (2) Sugar Pine Lake, Placer County, California, USA. (RET 869-5) [Note: Original images can be found here.—ed.] Ronald L. Pastorino - (3-5) Bon Tempe Lake, Marin County, California, U.S.A. |
Each spore data set is intended to comprise a set of measurements from a single specimen made by a single observer; and explanations prepared for this site talk about specimen-observer pairs associated with each data set. Combining more data into a single data set is non-optimal because it obscures observer differences (which may be valuable for instructional purposes, for example) and may obscure instances in which a single collection inadvertently contains a mixture of taxa.